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Tapped Out Consumers Concerned About New Broadband Tax and Free Cellphones for the Income-Challenged

Phillip Dampier May 19, 2010 Consumer News, Public Policy & Gov't, Rural Broadband, Video 9 Comments

One of the lesser-known implications of broadband reform includes major changes to the Universal Service Fund (USF), a program that collects a few dollars a month from every phone customer to help subsidize the costs of delivering service to rural America.  As traditional phone lines become ever less important, a proposal to begin applying USF charges to broadband service has gotten increasing attention from conservatives who oppose the program, calling it a new “tax on broadband.”

The need for USF subsidies on rural telephone service continues to decline along with the number of landline customers.  Over the history of the program, repeated abuses have been documented which have diverted funding into cell phones for school administrators, telecommunications services in decidedly non-poor or rural areas, and steering vendor contracts to providers that kick money, trips, or other gifts back to decision makers.  With the FCC increasing the USF subsidy rate to 15.3 percent for the second quarter of 2010, an enormous amount of money is at stake, available for qualified programs.

So much money is available, some companies are building USF funding into their business plans.  Independent rural telephone companies can make a killing on USF subsidies, which are targeted precisely at their service areas.  But now cell phone companies have begun riding the USF gravy train, and are now marketing products and services that would be impossible to provide without USF funding.

One of the most controversial programs is free cellphones for income-challenged Americans, a program that first appeared during the Bush Administration, made possible by the Universal Service Fund.

To qualify, subscribers must either have an income that is at or below 135% of the federal Poverty Guidelines, or participate in one of the following assistance programs:

  • Medicaid,
  • Food Stamps,
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI),
  • Federal Public Housing Assistance (Section 8),
  • Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP),
  • Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), or
  • The National School Lunch Program’s Free Lunch Program

An extension of Lifeline and Link-Up, the free cell phone program has been extended to more than a dozen states by providers like TracFone’s SafeLink Wireless or Sprint’s Assurance Wireless.

Safelink provides qualified customers with free ($50 value) Motorola cell phones and free calling with no contract requirement.  They also receive free texting, national/international calling, voicemail, caller ID, and call waiting.

“A telephone service, just in general, is not a privilege, it’s a right, and we feel it’s a corporate responsibility to provide it,” says José Fuentes, TracFone’s director of government relations. “Everyone should be in contact, should have the opportunity to get a phone call, especially if it’s an employer.”

Fuentes may be right, but TracFone’s altruism is made considerably easier when the federal government is picking up the majority of the tab every month.  USF funding contributes $10 of the estimated $13.50 the service actually costs to provide.

Traditional Lifeline landline service has been a part of American life for decades, but the prospect of welfare recipients getting free cell phones is ready-made for demagoguery in the media.  A common meme is that the program represents more “Obama socialism,” despite the fact the program began under the previous administration, and there may be nothing inherently wrong with extending Lifeline service to an increasingly wireless world.

What this really represents is the opportunity to consider different approaches to funding subsidy programs.  For example, would such programs like cell phone subsidies be better served if they were funded by the carriers themselves as part of spectrum auction proceeds?  Is the FCC trying to substantiate the need for continued USF spending by expanding the number of projects and programs qualified to receive funding?  Is 15.3 percent a fair amount to charge telephone ratepayers?

Under the FCC’s proposed Broadband Plan for America, USF fees would be collected from and largely diverted to broadband service.  Rural America would get broadband service at a price comparable to what big city residents pay, and providers could substantiate the return on investment to begin constructing such projects partly subsidized by USF funding.

But that means the price of your broadband service will increase and some consumers don’t like it.

http://www.phillipdampier.com/video/WLOS Asheville Broadband Tax 4-28-10.flv

WLOS-TV in Asheville, North Carolina reports on concerns about a forthcoming proposed broadband tax.  (2 minutes)

http://www.phillipdampier.com/video/WGRZ Buffalo Free Cell Phones On Your Dime 4-8-10.flv

WGRZ-TV in Buffalo covers the free cell phone angle as residents see ads from companies like Assurance Wireless that offer free cell phones to income-challenged Americans. (2 minutes)

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  2. New Mexico Rural Broadband Gets Boost from Federal Stimulus Program
  3. Sky Dumps Usage Limits for Most UK Customers, Gives Away Free, Limited Broadband Service to Others
  4. Consumer Victory: Broadband Grant Criteria Will Protect Net Neutrality, Create Public Service Infrastructure
  5. Consumers Discover “Required” Data Plans Dramatically Increasing Wireless Phone Bills

Currently there are 9 comments on this Article:

  1. Mike says:

    I’m curious exactly what the total amount being subsidized on their cellphone plans is? Our local provider offers one of these plans for $1/mo, and it’s equal to a $30-40 paid plan in features.

    It used to be that subsidized land lines were only discounted or only had a value of around $15-20/mo.

    For the Lifeline cellular service in my area, a person only needs to have qualified for of the below programs and a income in the range of $25,000-62,500 depending on the number of residents in their household:

    Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
    Food Stamps
    Medicaid
    Federal Public Housing Assistance
    Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
    Alaska Temporary Assistance Program
    Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
    Adult Public Assistance (which includes aid to the aged, blind and disabled)
    BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) General Assistance
    Tribally Administered Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
    Head Start (meeting qualifying income standards)
    National School Lunch Program’s Free Lunch program
    Denali KidCare
    WIC Program (Women, Infants and Children Care Program)
    Pioneer Home Payment Assistance
    Alaska State Housing Corporation Programs –
    Public Housing
    Interest Rate Reduction for Low Income Borrowers
    Home Investment Partnership
    Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program
    State of Alaska Heating Assistance Program
    Veterans Administration Disability Pension
    Senior Citizen Housing Development Fund
    State of Alaska Senior Benefits Program
    Childcare Assistance

  2. Jeff says:

    Those who are getting upset about the free phones should realize a few things. First, if you want to be mad at anyone, be mad at the government for their failure to regulate the phone companies enough to force them to charge something closer to actual cost of providing the service. If they did that, you’d save money and low income folks might not need a subsidized phone. I wonder how cell phone rates in the USA compare to those in other industrialized countries – it sure wouldn’t surprise me if we are at the high end of the scale.

    Second, the free phone plans give you a really cheap, barebones phone. The one I have is like a small plastic brick (the company actually compares it to a candy bar) – it doesn’t even flip open and has no protective case. It does not have bluetooth (so if you want to go handsfree you have to buy the manufacturer’s handsfree kit). If you want something better, you have to purchase it yourself.

    Third, you get a VERY limited number of minutes per month, and EVERYTHING else costs additional money. In the case of Assurance Wireless, they give 200 minutes per month, and that’s actually generous compared to SafeLink (which when I checked, offered something like a paltry 63 minutes a month). Additional minutes cost money. Text messages (incoming or outgoing) cost money, and there is no free allowance. International calls cost money, of course. Calling directory assistance costs money (and they helpfully add it to your contact list before they send you the phone!). So basically the only way you come out ahead with one of these phones is if you use it for emergencies only. , and watch the minutes you use during the month (and they even charge you for checking your usage if you do it too many times in a single day).

    My feeling is that the people who provide these free phones have a nice little racket going. First, they get the cost subsidized by the government, so they hardly lose money in any case (in fact I would bet they don’t lose money at all, since these are telephone accounting dollars we are talking about here, and as we know telephone company accounting comes from a magical land of unicorns and fairies, or at least it has about the same basis in reality). But a certain percentage of customers probably go over their monthly allowance, or can’t resist doing a little texting, or download a ringtone or two, and those companies profit off all those things.

    I’m smart enough not to do any of those things, and I do appreciate having the phone for emergencies (it came in real handy during a recent power outage). And it’s nice to have when you leave home, in case your car breaks down or something. But no one should think that all us po’ folk are getting gold-plated cell phone service of the same caliber as you would get for your forty bucks a month or whatever you pay. What we get would be like in the old days where some people got really cheap landline service, but were stuck on an 8-party line with lots of noise and hum on the line, in a place where almost every call you had to make was long distance. If you don’t pay much, you sure don’t get much (and yet, I’m personally grateful for what little we get, because in an emergency it can be a real lifesaver).

  3. Uncle Ken says:

    Ok not the best place to ask but I figured I may get some ideas.
    Im in Rochester NY and after the last 10 days in the hospital
    I figured I could use a short use (couple months) cell. You loose
    space and time and never really know what day it is plus there
    are a couple of people I could use contact with. They are dealing
    with my care outside. I need a dumb phone. no net, no text, nothing
    but be able to make and get a couple of calls. 60 minutes a month
    should be enough and no LD necessary. I do meet one or more
    qualified reasons. I do not understand all the material supplied here
    Seems you can get cell from many companies. What I do not understand
    is from who in this area if at all.

  4. Jeff says:

    Uncle Ken, you are in luck: “Assurance Wireless is currently available in Michigan, North Carolina, New York, Tennessee, and Virginia.” Their web site is at http://assurancewireless.com/

  5. Uncle Ken says:

    Thanks much Jeff

  6. Telecom Guy says:

    I worked in telecom until getting hit with a rare disease. Here’s a quick summary, with advice on which to choose at the end.

    These plans are the modern version of the Lifeline minimal phone plan that’s been around forever – over 1/2 a century anyway. That gave you the ability to have a phone installed and connected for a few dollars and very minimal calling services. You were billed message units for all local calls depending roughly on the distance. The only add-ons you could get – which you paid extra for – were touch-tone and a short range local calling area at a flat rate. That was a while back; radios had tubes, phones had dials and there were cheap apartments in every city.

    The current one applies the Lifeline subsidy to a cell phone. Someone who has a severe health or other issue probably doesn’t have their home any longer, so the costs of setting up phone service are prohibitive. Lifeline wired phones in theory has a $5 install, but you actually have to pay for regular service for several months while the Lifeline application sits until the legal deadline. It’s electronic and they could approve it with an information release and a few keystrokes, but the telco delays it 60-90 days depending on the regs in that state.
    So wired Lifeline doesn’t always work for the end user and the carriers want to get out of basic wired phone service altogether e.g. (VZ rips out the standard phone wire once you upgrade to FIOS).

    The alternative is using the Lifeline subsidy – about $10/line – on a cell phone. 2 carriers have picked up the ball for that, figuring many of those people will buy a few extra minutes, text messages, dial 411 etc. The telco figures some will be in better shape later and become regular customers. I’m guessing they do just over break even after all expenses if you never buy extra min, and make money if you do. This is _not_ the cell phone service you have on a regular contract:: features vary, but things you take for granted like 3-way calling, forwarding, free nights and wknds etc are not included. The phone will be a simple model you haven’t seen anywhere else, and is has special, simplified firmware. There’s no data function at all – not that you’d expect one.
    What you do get:
    Tracfone Safelink — 68 min/month — yup, 68 min total, that’s it.
    Text messages (don’t know how many)
    International calls to 10 #s if they are in participating countries. Sound quality won’t be quite the same, but you can’t beat the price. VoIP is a fine thing ;-)
    Voicemail, uses those minutes.
    And you get to buy more minutes for about 20c min.

    Virgin Mobile Assurance: 200 min month
    Add’l minutes 10c
    Runs on Sprint-Nextel network
    Other items – didn’t check.
    Most people eligible for one of these will find the Assurance phone is a better deal. Should your situation improve you can easily upgrade to a standard Virgin Mobile or Sprint account, which offer more reliable and complete service than Tracfone can.

    So there’s nothing very new here, just translating the past’s wired Lifeline service into the wireless present. Someone who has a grudge against it is about 60 years late.

  7. Uncle Ken says:

    Telcom: It seems to be that way more and more often these days, I got
    hit with the same type of thing but mine is not that rare as yours. 30 years
    of working making good money and bang. Nothing left. They wonder why
    I crash on the floor when going to radiation. They are noticing that my BP
    is dropping ten points a day. Im down to 110, yesterday 120 yesterday
    with no answers why. They need to be looking in other places. I am not
    afraid of the word terminal. I asked from somebody who should know
    the story of Assurance phone. I do not need full blown study beause
    because only needing a dumb phone. A call in or out. they give us 200
    minutes and if I use 20 a month would be alot. I guess Ill sign up and
    the minute they look for anything they will get nothing. I have been doing
    this for years. No blood out of a stone. After 30 years of putting the big
    bucks Into the system When I need it I want those some of those of those
    big bucks back.

  8. I have been researching this a bit more and have discovered that consumer complaints about Tracfone’s Safelink are piling up. Impenetrable customer service call menu, phones being sent to the wrong addresses, activation issues, service suddenly stops working problems, and the fact Trac is only providing 68 minutes a month all seem to be counting against it.

    Virgin Mobile’s Assurance is getting better reviews, although you have to apply only by phone. They give you 200 minutes a month. It’s the same subsidy — Virgin Mobile is simply more generous with the minutes they provide customers.

    Tracfone uses different carrier networks for service. If the phone is GSM, it’s using AT&T or T-Mobile. If it’s a CDMA phone they are using Verizon Wireless. Safelink from Tracfone doesn’t give any choice to customers about what phone they receive, so I don’t know what network they are using.

    Assurance relies on Sprint’s network. Virgin Mobile is now the prepaid unit of Sprint. They use CDMA phones.

    The only potential downside to using Assurance is Sprint’s reduced coverage area when compared with Verizon or AT&T. But if you get a Safelink phone that works on T-Mobile, you’d be in the same boat.

    Regardless of the technology and phones, Assurance Wireless is the better deal here, and is much easier to deal with when customer service questions arise. The only negative is you can only apply by phone.

  9. Uncle Ken says:

    Thanks I figured as much for coverage. what good is a phone if it cant even
    reach the end of the driveway. I did get the paperwork after the phone call
    and the call was short and very smooth and they seemed to be very nice.
    Maybe I should I should question if I need one at all. Maybe calling two people and a nurse or 2 but what is the chance I wont be near
    a land line if I need to call. Thanks for looking.

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